United Nations & Arab Azawad Liberation Front

United Nations: The United Nations, through its Secretary-General António Guterres, condemned the violence in Mali and called for international support to address the humanitarian crisis and extremism.

Arab Azawad Liberation Front: Arab Azawad Liberation Front, a Tuareg-dominated rebel group, partnered with Jama at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin to carry out coordinated attacks, claiming control of Mali — Kidal and challenging Mali's military presence in the north.

United Nations: The United Nations has accused the Malian army and allied foreign fighters of executing civilians, highlighting international concern over human rights in the conflict.

Arab Azawad Liberation Front: The Arab Azawad Liberation Front (FLA), an ethnic Tuareg separatist movement, participated in coordinated offensives with the Jama at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) in late April, capturing towns and imposing a blockade on Bamako.