European Union — European Central Bank & Japan — Bank of Japan

European Union — European Central Bank: The European Union — European Central Bank, along with other global central banks, has expressed full solidarity with the United States — Federal Reserve and Jerome Powell, emphasizing the importance of central bank independence.

Japan — Bank of Japan: The Japan — Bank of Japan was notably absent from the joint statement of solidarity, with officials refraining from commenting on other central banks' actions.

European Union — European Central Bank: The European Union — European Central Bank has reduced its rates this year, partly due to United States tariffs weakening its economy, contrasting with the United States — Federal Reserve's unchanged rates.

Japan — Bank of Japan: The Japan — Bank of Japan kept its key short-term rate unchanged, after recently raising it, providing a different approach compared to other central banks.

European Union — European Central Bank: The European Union — European Central Bank's policy decisions, particularly on interest rates, are being influenced by how rising crude oil costs affect wider inflation.