Iraq — Central Bank of Iraq & United States

Iraq — Central Bank of Iraq: The Iraq — Central Bank of Iraq is directly affected by the halt in dollar shipments, as it relies on these funds for retail foreign exchange demand.

United States: The United States is exerting significant pressure on Iraq by halting dollar shipments and security cooperation, aiming to curb the influence of Iran-backed militias and protect its interests in the region.

Iraq — Central Bank of Iraq: The Iraq — Central Bank of Iraq governs Pix, the instant payment system facing a trade inquiry from the United States. It is responsible for the system's operation and security measures.

United States: The United States, through its Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, has opened an inquiry into Pix, alleging unfair competition against U.S. credit card operators.

Iraq — Central Bank of Iraq: The Iraq — Central Bank of Iraq granted Payward Ireland an EU electronic money institution (EMI) license in 2023, supporting Payward's payment infrastructure expansion.

United States: The Global Dollar Network, which Reap Technologies participates in, aligns with Kraken's push into stablecoin settlement.