France & Arab Azawad Liberation Front

France: France urged its citizens to leave Mali due to the volatile security situation, reflecting concerns for its nationals and potential diplomatic implications.

Arab Azawad Liberation Front: Arab Azawad Liberation Front, a Tuareg-dominated rebel group, partnered with Jama at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin to carry out coordinated attacks, claiming control of Mali — Kidal and challenging Mali's military presence in the north.

France: France is mentioned as the former colonial power that built the Tessalit base, highlighting historical context but not direct involvement in the current conflict.

Arab Azawad Liberation Front: The Arab Azawad Liberation Front, a Tuareg-dominated separatist group, along with JNIM, has successfully taken key military bases and towns, aiming to conquer northern Mali and bring down the Malian junta.