Jama at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin & Islamic State

Jama at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin: Jama at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin, an al-Qaeda affiliate, coordinated major attacks across Mali, including the one that killed Sadio Camara, demonstrating its capacity to strike at the core of state power and challenge the government's security.

Islamic State: Islamic State-aligned militants have been fighting the Malian government for over a decade, contributing to the ongoing instability in the country.

Jama at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin: Jama at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin, an Al-Qaeda-linked group, has intensified its control in Mali, imposing a fuel blockade and being responsible for previous kidnappings and the current unstable security situation.

Islamic State: Islamic State-affiliated groups are also contributing to the rising violence and unrest in Mali, alongside Al-Qaeda-linked militants.